UNICEF’s latest report highlights a global shift in child health, with obesity now surpassing underweight as the most common nutritional disorder.
By 2025, one in ten school-aged children and adolescents—around 188 million globally—are living with obesity, compared with falling underweight rates.
Regional Disparities in Childhood Obesity
The steepest increases appear in Pacific Island nations, where dietary changes have accelerated childhood obesity.
In Niue, 38 percent of children are obese, which is double the figure reported in 2000. The Cook Islands follow closely with 37 percent, while Nauru reports 33 percent, reflecting dependence on imported ultra-processed foods.
In high-income nations, rates remain concerning. Childhood obesity affects 27 percent in Chile, 21 percent in the United States, and 21 percent in the UAE.
Processed Foods Replace Traditional Nutrition
UNICEF emphasizes that obesity stems from harmful food environments rather than children’s personal choices.
Supermarkets and school canteens are dominated by ultra-processed foods rich in sugar, salt, and unhealthy fats.
Digital marketing campaigns aggressively influence children’s preferences, creating powerful demand for unhealthy products.
Junk Food Marketing Targets Youth
A UNICEF U-Report poll covering 64,000 young people found three in four had recently seen advertisements for junk food.
Over 60 percent admitted that such ads directly influenced their desire to consume unhealthy snacks and drinks. Even children in conflict-affected regions reported strong exposure.
Health Consequences of Childhood Obesity
Childhood obesity raises long-term risks of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and certain cancers, while lowering overall life quality.
Currently, one in five children aged 5–19 globally—about 391 million—are overweight, with many falling into the obese category.
The Double Burden of Malnutrition
Low- and middle-income countries now face a double burden of malnutrition. Undernutrition, including stunting and wasting, coexists with surging childhood obesity.
This dual crisis puts extreme pressure on health systems and complicates policymaking, demanding targeted and balanced interventions.
Economic Costs of Childhood Obesity
Childhood obesity carries staggering financial implications. In Peru, projected lifetime costs related to obesity exceed $210 billion.
Globally, obesity and overweight could cost more than $4 trillion annually by 2035 through healthcare expenses and reduced productivity.
Policy Action Shows Impact
Mexico demonstrates how strong policies can make a difference. Ultra-processed foods account for 40 percent of children’s calories in the country.
In response, the government banned junk food sales in schools, directly benefiting more than 34 million children.
UNICEF Recommendations for Governments
The report urges governments to act quickly with the following steps:
- Enforce mandatory food labelling and advertising restrictions.
- Implement taxes and subsidies to encourage healthier food choices.
- Ban sales of junk food within school premises.
- Strengthen social protection to ensure families access nutritious diets.
- Safeguard policymaking from interference by corporate interests.
Empowering Families and Communities
Policy reforms alone are insufficient. Education and community initiatives must empower parents and children to demand healthier food choices.
Civil society groups play a crucial role in shifting behaviors, reducing dependence on processed foods, and promoting local nutrition solutions.
Questions and Answers
Q: Why is childhood obesity rising so quickly?
Unhealthy food environments, processed diets, and targeted marketing campaigns are the leading causes driving obesity among children worldwide.
Q: Which regions face the biggest crisis?
Pacific Island nations record the highest obesity rates, while many low- and middle-income countries struggle with both undernutrition and obesity.
Frequently Asked Questions
How many children are obese worldwide in 2025?
About 188 million children and adolescents are estimated to be living with obesity.
Is underweight still a problem?
Yes. Although rates are declining, undernutrition remains a serious issue in many low-income regions.
What policies help reduce childhood obesity?
Bans on junk food in schools, front-of-pack labelling, and marketing restrictions are proven strategies to reduce obesity rates.
A Global Call to Action
Childhood obesity has now overtaken underweight, creating an urgent global health challenge. Without intervention, health systems may face unsustainable burdens.
UNICEF Executive Director Catherine Russell emphasized, “Nutritious and affordable food must be available to every child to support growth and development.”
Disclaimer: The information provided in this article is for general informational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Always consult a qualified physician or healthcare professional before starting any new health practice, treatment, or following the tips mentioned here.
